Html which is short for h yper t ext m arkup l anguage is the official language of the world wide web and was first conceived in 1990. Sun began development of java in 1990 in an attempt to write a language for smart appliances. Since then, there have been many different versions of html. Another version, xhtml, was a rewrite of html as an xml language. Its never easy to pinpoint exactly when a specific language began, but in the case of english we can at least say that there is little sense in speaking of the english. Some research has shown that the earliest learning begins in utero when the fetus starts to recognize the sounds and speech patterns of its mothers voice and differentiate them from other sounds after birth. Tim demonstrated a basic, but attractive way of publishing text by developing. This start began in france and then spread to the united states. A brief history of css until 2016 world wide web consortium. Eeeebook book book history of the ancient and modern hebrew language history of the ancient and modern hebrew language by david steinberg4 s. The history of sign language has an interesting past, being the first form of communication in early man. Html is the authoring language used to create documents on the web.
It can be assisted by technologies such as cascading style sheets css and scripting languages such as javascript web browsers receive html documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. Here is a list of important dates in the development of the english language. During that time, it has evolved from a simple language with a small number of tags to a complex system of markup, enabling authors to create allsinginganddancing web pages complete with animated images, sound and all manner of gimmicks. Html is a textual language that includes special markup. Your contribution will go a long way in helping us. With the creation of the w3c, html s development changed venue again. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. Html does this by using what are called tags that have attributes. Language development in humans is a process starting early in life. Here we are going to discuss a brief history of the c language. The first period i will look at is the dacian period.
The history of the english language is a complex tapestry of gradual developments and short, sharp shocks, of isolation and mutual influences, of borrowings and obsolescences. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the publications the decent work country profile for zambia aims to critically assess. The selection of events is my own, and the dates are approximate in some cases, but it gives at least some idea of the timescales involved, and puts the developments into some sort of perspective. Hypertext markup language html chapter 2 university of michigan. One of the languages stroustrup had the opportunity to work with was a language called simula, which as the name implies is a language. A brief history of hypertext markup language html including an overview on the socalled browser wars and the development of xhtml. It provides a brief survey of the history of the english language from the period of protoindoeuropean, through protogermanic, old english and middle english to early modern english. I am unlikely to do it justice in this short exposition, but it may at least suffice to give an overview of the main developments.
This approach floundered and in 1994, sun regrouped and set. The altair basic programming language was developed by bill gates, paul allen, and monte davidoff, and was made available for use on january 2, 1975. Factors that influence language development judith johnston, phd university of british columbia, canada january 2010, 2nd ed. History of html for its first five years 19901995, html went through a number of revisions and experienced a number of extensions, primarily hosted first at cern, and then at the ietf.
The history of the english language is split up into three periods that are normally called old english or anglosaxon, middle english and modern english. More recently, since the dawn of modern darwinian evolutionary theory, questions about the evolution of language have generated a rapidly growing scienti. Its hurried development made certain design mistakes a possibility much too real. As might be expected, methods of philology are less effective if the relationship between. It was used to create programs for altair computers.
However, the advantages of having a language for the dynamic web could not be postponed, and history took over. With the creation of the w3c, htmls development changed venue again. The history of hypertext markup language is a strange and interesting tale. The purpose of a web browser chrome, edge, firefox, safari is to read html documents and display them. W3c began development of its own arena browser as a test bed for html 3 and cascading style sheets, but. The extensive two volume work of samuel johnson was simplified by the single volume of his dictionary in 1756 which continued to be used up to the 20th century. This paper is about the development of the c programming language, the influences on it, and the conditions under which it was created. The language was designed with the intent of merging the efficiency and conciseness of c with the objectoriented programming features of. Xml is a standard markup language that is used to create other markup languages. He began work on c with classes, which as the name implies was meant to be a superset of the c language. Html is the standard markup language for creating web pages. Introduction to the hyper text markup language html.
The most widely used version throughout the 2000s was html 4. Since its creation in 1991 by tim bernerslee, one of the founding fathers of the internet. The hypertext markup language html pat morin comp 2405. Old english 4501100 ad, middle english 1100circa 1500 ad and modern english since 1500. Me and of, its orthography varied, sometimes written as serymony, cerimony and so on. The textbook draws on a variety of sources, which are listed at the end of each chapter. Html has been the dominant language for creating web. The further development of english literature happened with the publication of samuel johnsons dictionary of the english language in 1755, and robert lowths grammar in 1761. Hypertext markup language html is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. Then, there was dsssl, a complex style and transformation language under development at iso for printing sgml documents. Introduction learning to talk is one of the most visible and important achievements of early childhood. The history of html history of hypertext markup language. Alexandru niculescu, in his book outline history of the romanian language says, romanian is the only romance language which has developed in the eastern part of latin europe 16.
The history of hypertext markup language is a strange and interesting. Infants start without knowing a language, yet by 10 months, babies can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling. Sign language then went on to help end the discrimination of deaf people, and helped the deaf to become educated like their hearing peers. For the sake of brevity, i omit full descriptions of c itself, its parent b johnson 73 and its grandparent bcpl richards 79, and instead concentrate on characteristic elements of each language and how they. Study at your own pace and on any computer or mobile device with this chapter on language development and the history of english. This fact makes it much more difficult to pin down the development of englishs earliest linguistic ancestors. It did not look or sound like the english we know today. Html is very evolving markup language and has evolved with various versions updating. Html hyper text markup language is a language for specifying how. Hypertext markup language html is the standard markup language for documents designed. Celts inhabit much of europe, and beginning to colonize the british isles. The start tag is also called the opening tag, and the end tag the closing tag.
Html stands for hyper text markup language, which is the most widely used language on. From its simple start as an online subset of sgml through political maneuverings of the huge. A concise history a concise history of english of english. Html is the unifying language of the world wide web. It is used to define the structure and layout of a web page, how a page looks, and any special functions. Philip durkin, principal etymologist at the oxford english dictionary, chooses five events that shaped the english language the anglosaxon settlement. Another version, xhtml, was a rewrite of html as an xml. Html history this lesson describes a brief history of html. Since history relies heavily on written documents as records of the past, it follows logically that the roots of language must be prehistoric. I will call in the following such incipient systems of writing with weak connections to oral language protowriting. Isabel roth 257 innervate leading undergraduate work in english studies, volume 3 20102011, pp. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic of language development, taking a perspective that covers the period before birth through old age.
Using just the simple tags it contains, the human race has created an astoundingly diverse network of hyperlinked documents, from amazon, ebay, and wikipedia, to personal blogs and websites dedicated to cats that look like hitler. However, in medieval latin it was often spelt cereand since the sixteenth century this spelling has been established in french and english oed. There was pei weis language from the viola browser, and around 10 other proposals for style sheet languages were sent to the talk and html mailing lists. Over the centuries, the english language has been influenced by a number of other languages. Html is a product of sgml standard generalized markup language which is a complex, technical specification describing markup languages, especially those used in electronic document exchange, document. A dennis ritchie is known as the founder of the c language it was developed to overcome the problems of previous languages such as b. The first version of html was written by tim bernerslee in 1993. The history of romanian can be traced through different periods of outside influence on the language. The history of the english language has traditionally been divided into three main periods. The browser does not display the html tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document. Netscape, internet explorer to request documents from a www server i. Html was ugly, hard to develop, and brittle what looked superb on one.
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